Audio Recording
A Complete discussion of Digital Audio or any aspects of audio recording etc... would be far beyond the scope of this guide. I will explain the terms used in the Manual as regards the digital processes.
Basics
- 4 channels of analog audio in
- headphone and balanced analog audio out
- Digital Audio on HDMI, and both Preview and Program HD-SDI outputs
Digital Path:
Line level analog audio inputs are immediately digitized at 24 bits per sample at 48KHz sample rate. Microphone level audio inputs are routed via an adjustable gain pre-amplifier before digitization; gain is generally not applied to Line level inputs, but it may be set to +10dB if desired.
As we talked about earlier, the information is converted by an analog to digital converter from the analog electrical impulses coming in, to 24-bit (224 = 16,777,216 different values for each sample); at 48KHz (48 thousand hertz or cycles per second).
An interesting note is that when CDs were originally released at 44.1KHZ quality, they went through many discussions about whether they were as good as vinyl at recording highs and lows. This argument is very similar to the change going on in the video world right now. Audio went through its digital birthing pains already. The audio world requires far less bandwidth and processing power than the imaging world to approximate analog. Now the imaging world is going through that phase. Soon the processing power will not be the limiting factor in the quality of the image. When this happens the distinguishing factor between cameras will become their ability to identify and reproduce the characteristics of film. Looking forward we can see that using digital to approximate film is only a short-term goal. There will inevitably be some kind of digital imaging system in the future that offers a more immersive experience than film.
Microphone Input Levels
Recorded levels are affected by the gain setting of the microphone input preamplifier.
At +10 dB, the microphone input level equivalent to Full Scale is +3 dBu (1.1 Volts RMS)
At +54 dB, the microphone input level equivalent to Full Scale is -36 dBu (0.013 Volts RMS).
This is all good information that is often over-looked in the manual by everyone but the sound guys. Basically, I'm going to do the same, except to note that these values are measured in voltage and dB - analog measures.
Line Input Levels
Recorded levels follow the level of the incoming signal.
The input level equivalent to Full Scale is +18 dBu (6.5 Volts RMS).
To achieve 14 dB of input headroom set the nominal input to +4 dBu (1.3 Volts RMS).
Again, there's not much for me to add here, but I would like to point out that these are very straight forward settings for the audio. To vary from these settings is to err at your own risk.
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